As long as there have been minds to think and things to think about, questions have been raised about minds and things. In the twentieth century, developments in the philosophic analysis of language have stimulated thinkers to reexamine these old questions in a new light. As a result, the followers and critics of pioneers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Gilbert Ryle in particular have made outstanding progress in reformulating and attacking traditional problems about conscious- ness, behavior, experience, sensations, emotions, the brain and other mind-related objects and phenomena.